New Venture Creation 8th Edition 2008 Presidential Elections

Social Education, our peer-reviewed, flagship journal, contains a balance of theoretical content and practical teaching ideas. The award-winning resources include techniques for using materials in the classroom, information on the latest instructional technology, reviews of educational media, research on significant social studies-related topics, and lesson plans that can be applied to various disciplines. Departments include Looking at the Law, Surfing the Net, and Teaching with Documents. Social Education is published 6 times per year: September; October; November/December; January/February; March/April; and May/June. These articles are not presented in the original printed layout. Pagination and much of the design structure has been lost. We offer these pdfs for content research.

—Lee Ann Potter A newly launched project highlights one hundred landmark documents—such as the United States Constitution, Thomas Edison’s electric lamp patent, and the canceled check for Alaska—that have influenced the course of U.S. Here’s how to integrate these documents into classroom instruction. Landman Marbury v. Madison: Bicentennial of a Landmark Decision This article revisits the historic two-hundred-year-old verdict that affirmed the Supreme Court’s right to review, and overturn, congressional or executive acts it deems unconstitutional. Crisis with Iraq: A Lesson Plan —Choices Education Program, Watson Institute, Brown University As a debate continues in the United States and abroad about U.S.

Policy toward Iraq, this lesson plan will help teachers engage their students in considering that important issue. Spotlight on Iraq An information section prepared by the staff of Social Education The special section provides background information on a country and regime that looms large in the news. Frederick Risinger Teaching about Civics and Citizenship with the Internet This practiced web surfer describes a range of sites every social studies teacher must bookmark. —Joan Brodsky Schur Students journey to the fifteenth century Islamic world with this simulation activity to learn how trade and travel fostered intellectual achievement, as well as improvements in material life. —Samuel Totten The author suggests ways to close lessons on the Holocaust that will stimulate student thought on the role of citizens in a democracy.

—Diane Hart Since 1987, millions of students have participated in this national civics program. Surveys show that alumni are more likely than are their peers to vote, pay attention to public affairs, or participate in politics. Multicultural Education in Social Studies —Guichun Zong, Jesus Garcia, and Angene Wilson The authors counter criticisms of multicultural education by describing how its pedagogical approaches promote a thoughtful patriotism. Longstreets Those trying to fit public education, despite its complexities, into the simplicity of the business model may only be causing further harm.

Social Education April 2008. Presidential Elections in the Age. This special issue of Social Education focuses on schools as the primary gateway for. In September 2008, The New York Times announced that it would be combining certain sections effective October 6, 2008, in editions printed in the New York metropolitan area. The changes folded the Metro Section into the main International / National news section and combined Sports and Business (except Saturday.

—Jere Brophy and Janet Alleman Human activities relating to cultural universals like food, clothing, and shelter dominate everyday living. The authors researched children’s knowledge of these topics to assist educators teaching elementary-level social studies. October 2002 (Volume 66 Number 6).

Teaching About Cultures in the Classroom Teaching with Documents Karen Needles and Lee Ann Potter Slave trader Nathaniel Gordon was found guilty of illegally transporting African slaves in 1861. A trail of documents recounts the legal battle waged by his supporters to try and stop his execution. Looking at the Law Charles F.

Williams Are “get-tough-on crime” laws or sex offender registries constitutional? This fall, the Supreme Court is slated to consider these questions and also hear some high profile cases with racial overtones like Virginia’s prohibition on cross burning. Roger Wilkins This university professor, who served as assistant attorney general in the Johnson administration, points out that dissent can be a form of patriotism, especially in times like these “when the blood is hot.” Claire Berkowitz By studying other cultures, a group of high school students in Arizona learns that “weird” is relative, and that not everyone has heard of the cheeseburger.

Teresa Brain A teacher ponders how to plan a curriculum to catch students’ interest, without relying on conflict or sensationalism. Toni Fuss Kirkwood-Tucker and Janet E. Benton The authors explore using literature to teach controversial topics—like the Vietnam War—from a global perspective. Joseph Feinberg Both Japan and the State of Maryland are experimenting with student service learning requirements as a way to indirectly combat violence, bullying and truancy.

James McLaughlin, Shirley Hotch, and Gail Sargent After a cultural exchange program in Mexico, a group of American teachers learned to better understand the experience of their immigrant students. Doris Bergen Can educational products stimulate specific types of development in children’s brains? The author explores the links between childhood experience and brain structure. Volume 66 Number. September 2002 Teaching with Documents Helen Divjak and Lee Ann Potter German immigrants who had not yet become citizens of the United States found their world turned upside down by a presidential proclamation declaring them enemy aliens in World War One. Research and Practice Patricia G. Avery At a time when it is more important than ever to promote tolerance of diverse beliefs, educational research shows how teachers can play their part.

Angela Stokes This Internet simulation of Congress allows students to learn by doing as they draft legislation on important topics and try to get it passed. Colette Yeich By following the author’s suggestions, teachers will be able to lead students beyond the headlines into meaningful research and systematic analysis of this fal#146;s elections. Hoge, Stuart J. Foster, Pat Nickell, and Sherry L. Field Do school uniform codes limit students’ freedom of expression? And do they refocus student attention away from fashion toward academics?

Students can research and debate the issues by examining what happened in Polk County, Florida, when the school board implemented a school uniform policy for K-8 students. Looking at the Law James H. Landman This article compares state systems that elect judges with other systems for the appointment of judges, in the light of a recent Supreme Court decision that might lead to judicial elections becoming more political. Mehlinger Educating students about a historical watershed like the attacks of September 11 and the U.S.

Response to them requires careful selection of the right teaching approach. Here are some good options. This handy, annotated guide identifies the resources provided by NCSS periodicals in the last year for teaching about September 11 and its effects. Michael Hartoonian Businessmen with a single-minded drive for profits often seemed to be heroes in the 1990s, but recent scandals and bankruptcies remind us of the disasters that occur when businesses spurn ethics. Susie Burroughs State assessments of social studies have proliferated, and often have high-stakes consequences. This review includes results from a survey by the NCSS Instruction Committee of the perspectives of social studies teachers on the current situation. Elementary Education Dot Schuler Explorations of the local community can lead to an excellent voyage into knowledge for elementary students.

Volume 66 Number. April 2002 Teaching with Documents Lee Ann Potter What did it take to be a census enumerator for the 1930 census? What does a sample census schedule look like? The article examines the 1930 census and includes teaching activities that help students understand the importance of the census to the history of our nation.

Looking at the Law Eric Michael Mazur America was founded on ideals of religious liberty—but all liberties have limits. The author explores the cases of three minority religions—the Mormons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and Native Americans—and their encounters with the American constitutional order. Teaching with Tech John K. Lee The World Wide Web is an excellent source of information for social studies classes, but teachers should be aware of the ideologies, both visible and invisible, that frame particular websites.

Candy Beal With the help of new technologies and some old-fashioned determination, a social studies educator took thousands of North Carolina sixth graders on a virtual trip to Russia. Whitworth, Kathleen Owings Swan, and Michael J. Berson The latest technology hitting social studies classrooms is the handheld computer—a portable device that is less expensive than desktop computers and offers useful capabilities.

Cheryl Mason Bolick Online research archives are making it easier for students to do in-depth research with primary sources on a historic topic. Here are activities to help students learn how the Fugitive Slave Law affected one man’s life.

Book Review Michael M. Yell An e-book on discrepant event inquiry can help teachers hook their students and engage them in higher order thinking skills. Research and Practice Catherine Cornbleth The author describes the restricting climates that make it hard for social studies teachers to teach effectively and for students to learn well.

March 2002 Volume 66, Number. In Focus Ruth Levy Guyer and Jonathan D. Moreno Since September 11, the fear of a bioterrorist attack has become widespread. The authors look at the roots of bioterrorism, as well as the recent anthrax scare, and suggest ways that teachers can address bioterrorism with their students. Looking at the Law Bruce G. Peabody The conflict between civil liberties and the “war on terrorism” involves three specific issues: the government’s right to eavesdrop on conversations between alleged terrorists and their attorneys, deportation and the “right to be silent,” and military tribunals.

Looking at the Law Seva Johnson The executive director of the Boston Bar Association and former military judge explains the ins and outs of military tribunals. Kevin Pobst How have American attitudes changed since September 11—and how have they stayed the same? Daniel Yergin A Pulitzer-prize winning author explores the term globalization, how it has changed since the 1990s, and what the future may hold for our global economy. Teaching with Documents Lee Ann Potter After a long struggle, Belva A. Lockwood became the first woman admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court. Stephanie Wasta and Carolyn Lott Eli Landers, a young Confederate soldier in the Civil War, wrote poignant letters home to his mother, in which he described the battles he fought in, his fears and dreams, and the suffering he endured and witnessed.

John Michael Priest An afterschool program gives students the opportunity to transcribe and edit primary sources from the Civil War. Jennifer Deng A student teacher, working with students on the Onondaga Nation Reservation, learned important lessons about how to inspire students. January 2002 (Volume 66, Number 1). Cases, Controversy, and the Court NCSS Notebook Adrian Davis In today's world, how can we--as social studies educators and as citizens--continue to celebrate and improve on our 'American Experiment'? In Focus Carol Tell Years of oppression by the Taliban regime have left Afghan women in a tragic situation.

An Afghan American woman and activist talks with Social Education about the role of education, the future of women's rights, and her hopes for Afghanistan. Robert Stevens Through poetry, art, and patriotic speeches, students can deliberate on the true meaning of patriotism and become thoughtful and devoted citizens.

Steven Lapham Current news, information, maps, and statistics on the war in Afghanistan. [ ] Special Section Diana Hess and Lee Arbetman In this special section on the Supreme Court, editors Hess and Arbetman examine how social studies educators can broaden and deepen the ways that they teach about the highest court in the land.

Barbara Perry Although it has received some criticism recently, the U.S. Supreme Court still holds a position of dignity, decorum, and authority in the minds of the American people. Erwin Chemerinsky Since 1986, Chief Justice William Rehnquist has left his mark on the Supreme Court. How has this Court differed from those of earlier years?

Aaron Epstein This chart shows how the current Supreme Court justices have voted on major issues, from civil rights to states' rights. Kathy Bell Abstract legal principles become real and engaging when students participate in moot courts. Lee Arbetman When students from a small town in New York wanted their Christian student group to meet on school grounds, they had no idea that their case would make it all the way to the Supreme Court. Williams Obtaining copies of briefs or arguments of the Supreme Court is relatively easy with the help of the Internet. Diana Hess and Anand Marri Teachers need to teach not just the well-known and well-regarded Supreme Court cases but also 'live' cases, whose decisions are still controversial today. Marshall Croddy Here are some descriptions of the most controversial Supreme Court cases. Charles Bierbauer Cameras may not be allowed in the courtroom, but journalists covering the Supreme Court still have work to do, from following cases and reporting on decisions, to giving the public a glimpse into the minds of the justices.

Jennifer Brandsberg-Engelmann Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled against the segregation of schools, is one of the most widely taught Supreme Court cases today. Maureen McDonnell Supreme Court case studies can help students learn about significant Supreme Court cases and how to think like lawyers. Reflections in a Time of Crisis Robert Cohen, Diana Turk, and Emily Klein This sampling of comments posted in Washington Square Park after September 11 shows that, along with sadness and anger, a democratic spirit is alive and well in New York City. Renee Hobbs With the onslaught of media coverage about terrorism and war, students must learn to question, analyze, and think critically about the values and perspectives behind media messages. Singleton Far from advancing a single perspective about recent events, teachers need to encourage discussion and debate in the classroom. Ed O’Brien From airport security to wiretapping to racial profiling, in times of crisis, how do we balance the desire for personal freedom with the need for national security?

Surfing the Web C. Frederick Risinger Internet sites exploring such subjects as the Taliban, U.S. Foreign policy, the Muslim religion, teaching tolerance, and more. Gayle Mertz This lesson plan on the civil war in Afghanistan includes a current map of the region, a brief history of the country, and a description of the warring factions.

Teaching With Documents Lee Ann Potter With the encouragement of President Woodrow Wilson, young people across the United States joined the Junior Red Cross to help with the war effort during World War I. Since then, the Red Cross has motivated youth to serve the community and beyond.

Dufour Will all crimes of war one day be investigated and punished in an international court of law? The author presents background information on the significant war trials of the twentieth century and the development of the idea of an International Criminal Court.

Looking at the Law John Paul Ryan The debate over the distribution of power between the federal government and the states continues over such issues as education, environmental policy, and religious freedom. Hahn A recent survey indicates how U.S. Ninth graders view democracy and citizenship. October 2001 Volume 65 Number.

Teaching About Tragedy Joan Brodsky Schur The attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, had a profound impact on the nation and the world. A social studies teacher chronicles the events as they happened in her own neighborhood in lower Manhattan. Berson and Michael J. Berson In the wake of tragedy, how can we help our students make sense of events, feel safe and protected, and even learn from the experience? Karima Alavi Common misperceptions about the religion of Islam threaten to distort views of Muslim Americans and their convictions. The author answers questions about the Muslim faith, community, and beliefs.

Zeina Azzam Seikaly As Arab Americans face growing resentment from segments of the U.S. Population, how can we protect our Arab American students from encountering such prejudice, educate all our students about the Arab American community, and emphasize tolerance over bigotry? Looking at the Law Charles F. Williams The year 2000 was a significant one for the Supreme Court. Many decisions affected education and children—from tobacco advertising to religion in the schools. Surfing the Web Frederick Risinger A listing and description of the best websites related to economics education, globalism, world trade, and international economics.

Brooke Graham Doyle The Confederacy’s answer to revenue deficits during the Civil War was to print more money, leading to hyperinflation on an unprecedented scale. Angela Breidenstein, Richard Butler, and Nipoli Kamdar Economic literacy is crucial, but far too often it is not adequately addressed in school curricula. A school-university program in San Antonio, Texas, proves that students of all ages can enjoy learning basic economic concepts.

Edgington Teachers can use problem solving techniques, such as a version of the game Twenty Questions, to enhance students’ inquiry skills and content knowledge. September 2001 Volume 65 Number. Kelly Schrum and Roy Rosenzweig Teachers do not always have the time to screen Internet information for its quality or relevancy. The History Matters website serves as a gateway to more than four hundred prescreened, quality websites, while also offering a variety of other activities and services.

Barron and Roy Winkelman In 1994, Florida adopted a law mandating Holocaust education. A Teacher’s Guide to the Holocaust was designed to help prepare Florida teachers to teach this sensitive subject. Now the site has grown into a useful resource for teachers nationwide. Milson and Portia Downey The authors define a WebQuest as an “inquiry-oriented activity in which most or all of the information used by learners is drawn from the Internet.” This approach offers access to online primary sources and a structure for evaluating these sources, all the while increasing student participation and cooperation.

Donaldson From classrooms across the country to the television series “The District,” GIS is gaining the attention of those who seek to better the quality of education through technology. The author explores the question, “To what degree are schools ready to implement GIS?”, basing his conclusions on two recent surveys of educators.

Karran, Michael J. Berson, and Cheryl L.

Mason The Internet has not lived up to the expectations of many educators, who envisioned it as the answer to their collaborative tele-learning needs. Enter Internet2, a broadband, fiber-optic network able to provide the quality-of-service guarantees necessary for tele-education. Surfing the Net C.

Frederick Risinger The author encourages social studies teachers to make use of the Internet as a resource not only for social studies-related sites, but for useful (and fun) teaching tools as well. Gary DeCoker and Erica Erickson The ability to interpret charts and graphs is an important skill, yet one relatively overlooked by U.S. Elementary social studies textbooks. Hoping to provide a model for change, this article examines the widespread use of charts and graphs in Japanese elementary textbooks. Point of View Anna S. Ochoa-Becker “The setting of standards by a national organization may contribute to conformity and uniformity in its implicit assumption that one set of standards fits all schools.” The author calls for a revision of the NCSS Curriculum Standards, outlining her reasons for doing so, and inviting others to join in the debate.

Census Watch The U.S. Bureau of the Census has begun to publish the results of the Census of 2000. Here is some early information about population totals. March 2001 (Volume 65 Number 2). —United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Refugees are people who have been uprooted from their homes and cannot return because of a “well-founded fear” of persecution. Because of the growing magnitude of this problem, the UN General Assembly has designated June 20, 2001, as the first World Refugee Day. Rye, Donna D.

Strong, and Peter A. Rubba Global warming and ozone layer depletion—two different problems that require public understanding to arrive at solutions—exemplify the kind of meaningful issues that await when social studies teachers bring Science-Technology-Society (STS) issues into the classroom. —Hla Hla Win Myanmar faces the common dilemma of developing countries that seek to balance natural preservation with economic development to meet people’s needs. The new attention to environmental education is one path toward achieving sustainable development in Myanmar.

—Jana Sackman Eaton Russia’s educational system is undergoing significant changes spurred by the move toward democracy and a free-market economy. But the transition itself poses challenges to a system that depends more than ever on the energy, talent, and dedication of Russia’s teachers. Research & Practice —Carole L. Hahn Based on a ten-year study of citizenship education in five countries, the author posits that the best way to encourage civic engagement in youth is to encourage the open and civil discussion of controversial issues in the classroom. Parker “Leading discussions well is one of the ‘great difficult things’ in teaching, as anyone knows who has tried it and is honest about the results.” The author reports on two teachers who use varying forms of discussion—seminar and deliberation—to stimulate critical thinking among secondary students. Teaching with Documents —Lee Ann Potter and Wynell Schamel When Vice President Spiro T. Agnew was forced to resign from office, President Nixon was faced with the historical “first” of putting to use the new Twenty-fifth Amendment.

This article features one of the many letters the president received about whom he should nominate for vice president. Haas and Margaret A.

Laughlin Elementary teachers want to provide meaningful social studies instruction, but may be thwarted by their perception that social studies is not viewed as an important content area in elementary schools. This is one of many observations in this profile of NCSS members who teach at the elementary level. Book Review by Murray Burton Levin Reviewed by Joe Auciello Retired professor Murray Levin’s efforts to teach black and Latino students in an alternative school in Boston led him to conclude that expecting public schools to solve all the problems of disadvantaged students “reversed the natural order.

When the economy begins to serve true human needs, the schools will produce responsible and engaged human beings.” January/Feburary 2001 Volume 65 Number. President’s Address Susan Adler Democracy means more than the promotion and protection of individual rights; it requires an active commitment to the common good and a willingness to work with others to achieve it.

Windows 7 Ultimate Activator By Lord Tidus Download Free. Our schools have a vital role to play in this process. Jennifer Truran Rothwell For the first time in more than a century, the United States experienced a presidential election in which the popular and electoral college votes diverged. Should the electoral college be abolished, reformed, or kept as it is?

There is no lack of opinions on this thorny subject. Teaching with Documents Natalie Lloyd, Wynell Schamel, and Lee Ann Potter Planners of the 1963 March on Washington hoped it would unify the Civil Rights Movement and influence President John F. Kennedy to energetically support its goals.

Their hopes were best expressed in the historic “I Have a Dream” speech that Martin Luther King delivered at the Lincoln Memorial. Stevens Even as the Western frontier was disappearing in the 1880s, Eastern illustrator Frederic Remington was conjuring up an image of it that found wide popularity among the urban public. More myth than reality, Remington’s works helped to obscure the real nature of the struggle between white settlers and American Indians over land in the West. Elementary Education Gary Fertig The study unit on the Great Depression described here makes use of recent findings about how children develop historical understandings. The unit includes a simulation on the stock market crash of 1929, a letter-writing activity based on study of letters real children wrote to Mrs. Roosevelt, and the creation and performance of historical scenarios involving Depression-era characters. Libresco When a student from El Salvador told how he had once seen his fourth grade teacher shot in front of him, attitudes toward immigration among his American classmates began to take on more shades of gray.

Exploring immigration through an extensive oral history project made history more real to the high school students in this teacher’s classroom. Lee Weber The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) has a wealth of historical materials available at and from its ten presidential libraries and sixteen regional records centers. So far, educators have not been taking full advantage of the vast resources of this government agency. Elaine Metherall Brenneman The common goal of the teachers described in this article is to connect students to contemporary social concerns through the development of historical empathy. By inviting students into the mixture of voices that have talked about social issues over time, these teachers hope their students will become part of the ongoing conversation about our nation’s history.

Research into Practice Sam Wineburg, Susan Mosborg, and Dan Porat Children gain impressions of our history from a wide variety of sources in school and out, but “the notion that all these sources form a coherent whole mocks the complexity of social life.” The authors suggest that “by investigating the history students bring with them to school, we can consider anew the role of the classroom.” Michael M. Yell The lesson offered here makes use of a teaching strategy called “interactive presentation” to bring the life and times of ancient Pompeii into today’s middle school classrooms. Environmental Politics and the Endangered Species Act David Sahr It is questionable whether Congress understood the scope of the Endangered Species Act it passed in 1973. Teachers looking for a legal case study might well choose this act to exmplify how science and politics may collide. Ruth Levy Guyer, Mary Lou Dillon, Linda Anderson, and Lola Szobota Case studies in bioethics can enrich high school classes across the curriculum and help prepare students for the complex questions and dilemmas that new medical technologies pose for society. Looking at the Law John Paul Ryan Privacy is not an absolute value, but one that must be balanced against other needs of society. This article reports on a discussion in cyberspace among six scholars whose disciplines relate to questions of privacy.

Stegmayer What would, and what should, your school do in situations where a teacher’s academic freedom comes under question? Three case studies provide the basis for thinking about this vital issue. Alex Molnar Modern mass marketing is increasingly being applied to children in school as well as out. But, argues the author, “The fundamental difference between marketers and teachers distorts teaching as surely as a funhouse mirror distorts the image of anyone who looks into it.” Teaching with Documents Amy Patterson, Wynell Schamel, and Lee Ann Potter The collision of wills between two commanders in chief—President Harry Truman and General Douglas MacArthur—resulted in one of the most important demonstrations of the civilian control of the military called for by the Constitution in U.S. Clark We should all embrace “migration of our minds” to other cultures, not only to better understand the ways of “others,” but also to better know ourselves. Surfing the Net C. Frederick Risinger Teaching about controversial issues should not be confined to U.S.

Government or problems-oriented courses, but can be undertaken throughout the social studies curriculum. Book Reviews Samuel Totten Slowly but inexorably, these diaries of a German Jew draw the reader into the claustrophobic, increasingly threatening, and all-pervasive fear that the Nazi terror had on each and every Jew living in Germany. October 2000 (Volume 64 Number 6). John Adelmann Sometimes it is difficult to get students to put pen to paper, but these students were so enthusiastic about their project on the Tuskegee Airmen that they wrote and published a book. Special Section: Teaching Social Studies in Challenging Settings Guest Editor: Elizabeth Anne Yeager Elizabeth Anne Yeager Much has been written to describe bad teaching practices, but we need to do more to understand the characteristics of good ones. Black The techniques described here make it easier to teach about foreign places and cultures.

Slekar Rap lyrics were the starting point for a project that involved these students in the cause of urban renewal. Karen Lea Riley, Elizabeth K. Wilson and Terry Fogg A student-centered approach and imaginative class activities characterize the constructivist-influenced teaching described in this article.

Cox and Jill H. Barrow Museums are much more than destinations for an annual field trip, and it is important to learn how to use them better. Foster and John D. Hoge In homogeneous communities, teachers can play a vital role in opening student’s eyes to the rich diversity of the world outside. Avery, Dana Carmichael-Tanaka, Jennifer Kunze, and Nonie Petersen Kouneski This unit made many students more aware of the experiences of their immigrant peers—and, looking back, of their own family histories. Lichtman According to this prediction system with a highly successful track record, Al Gore is likely to be the victor in this year’s presidential election, regardless of how well he or George W.

Bush organize their campaigns. Instructional Technology John K. Lee The Internet has already begun to change the opportunities citizens have to participate in politics.

Looking at the Law Charles F. Williams Many decisions made by the Supreme Court last year had 5-4 majorities—a number that politicians in this election year view with keen interest Book Review by Jamin B. Raskin, reviewed by Jennifer Brandsberg-Engelmann At a time when schools are testing grounds for constitutional tenets, this collection of cases identifies landmark decisions that have affected public school students. September 2000 (Volume 64 Number 5). Jennifer Truran Rothwell Television, as both news medium and commercial venture, has exerted a profound influence on American elections since its entry into the political arena in the late 1940s. Lopach and Jean A. Luckowski This year’s presidential election may be more heavily influenced than usual by questions of character.

What makes up the 'character' of a candidate for the highest office in the land? Scott Piroth Critics argue that the process by which we choose our presidents is too long, too costly, and too divisive—making it hard for presidents to govern. How did we get to the current system?

And what might improve it? Teaching with Documents Wynell Schamel, Lee Ann Potter, and Katherine Snodgrass The presidential contest between Tilden and Hayes in 1876 put the electoral college system to the test and was only resolved by a political compromise that brought an end to Reconstruction. Diana Hess The careful deliberation of political issues in the classroom can help form citizens with a strong commitment to voting. Elementary Education Jay L. Cravath and Thomas M.

McGowan The model for Kids Voting USA, a civics education program that involves students in voting alongside their parents at the polls, originated with a school curriculum developed in Costa Rica. Bennett Two Internet-based projects help young students become engaged in the presidential election. Surfing the Net C. Frederick Risinger Is the foundation of U.S. Democracy shifting from a Madisonian to a Jeffersonian model?

And, if so, is it good for democracy? Rebecca Kingsley and Jamin B. Raskin The struggle of D.C. Residents for equal voting rights has taken several forms, from seeking a constitutional amendment, to proposing a D.C. Statehood bill in Congress, to the recent attempt to use the courts to attain the goal of one person-one vote. Teaching with Cartoons Wm. Ray Heitzman Although students often like political cartoons, many have trouble understanding them.

The author proposes a step-by-step approach to help students develop the analytical skills needed to interpret cartoons. Looking at the Law Elizabeth M. Yang The rationale for campaign finance reform—preventing corruption or even the appearance of corruption in the electoral process—must be balanced against the constitutional rights protected by the First Amendment. These activities designed to help students analyze presidential debates are part of a curriculum produced by the Commission on Presidential Debates in collaboration with Kids Voting USA.

YFU’s Sally Grooms Cowal When Elian Gonzalez and his family came to stay on the Youth for Understanding property in Washington last spring, NCSS staff members became witnesses to a slice of history in the making. May/June 2000 (Volume 64 Number 4). Remembering 'Tomorrow' ' Jared A.

Fogel and Robert L. Stevens A belief in the ability of technology to produce a better world for all was the optimistic theme of the New York World’s Fair; but the bubble was burst as Germany’s invasion of Poland in September 1939 launched the second total war of the 20th century. Looking at the Law Paul R Joseph One way to teach about law is by comparing reality with the images seen in popular culture. Popular treatments of the law can, at best, encapsulate important legal issues; at worst, they still may offer a valuable exercise in critical thinking. David Hicks James Loewen, chronicler of lies told in U.S. History textbooks and across the American landscape, believes the study of historical causation is the central skill necessary for the intelligent exercise of citizenship. Andi Stix When New York City recently mandated that middle school students should read 25 books a year, social studies teachers at one school responded by creating a multilevel book room that has proved both useful and popular with students.

Top honors in this year’s awards for books depicting ethnicity and race relations in the United States go to Rinna Evelyn Wolfe for Edmonia Lewis: Wildfire in Marble (secondary level) and John Duggleby for Story Painter: The Life of Jacob Lawrence (elementary level). Michael deCourcy Hinds American teenagers are the most violent when compared with their counterparts in other developed nations. This article looks at three possible causes of youth violence and the remedies proposed to solve them. Elementary Education Public policy mandates that special education students be mainstreamed into regular classes.

Teachers at all levels—but especially where mainstreaming most commonly occurs—need better preparation for helping these students to succeed academically. Teaching with Documents Telegram from Ho Chi Minh to Harry S. Truman Lee Ann Potter and Wynell Schamel The friendly relations that existed between American officials and the Viet Minh during World War II were not destined to survive the curtain descending between East and West in the early postwar years. Book Review Mary E. Haas The reviewer finds this book, by M. Gail Hickey, “as practical and comprehensive a guide for teaching local history at the K-6 level as I have seen.” April 2000 (Volume 64 Number 3). Marsha Alibrandi, Candy Beal, Ann Thompson, and Anna Wilson Uncovering the 'invisible' history of their school--once the only black public high school in Raleigh, North Carolina--taught students at Ligon Middle School both new skills and old truths about their community.

John Zola and Andri Ioannidou Building interactive simulations of past events is not just for the computer-savvy, but can enrich the historical understanding of all students. Howard Mehlinger A retiring sixth grade teacher reflects on the profound changes technology made in her teaching as she says goodbye to the classroom in the year 2015. Surfing the Net C. Frederick Risinger In addition to having excellent home pages, some schools are doing an outstanding job of connecting their students to the best of the Web.

Elizabeth Wilson A voyage through time on the Internet can whet students’ interest in historic places and events. Gloria Alter The use of the right videos can make classes on the common good come to life. Software Reviews Joseph Braun, Jr. And Corsandra Stallworth The authors examine two new programs involving the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to teach the five themes of geography. Samuel Totten Using simulations to teach about the Holocaust may leave students with only a thin grasp of both its complex causes and its horrific effects. Why not let the victims and survivors speak for themselves?

Looking at the Law Samia J. Amamoo The right to vote was hard won, but many citizens do not use it. Could more referendums and ballot initiatives reinvigorate our democracy?

Download Free Adams Pulsed Electric Motor Generator Manual more. March 2000 (Volume 64 Number 2). President’s Address Richard Theisen It can be hard for teachers producing '900 shows a year' to stop and ask 'why?'

Do a lesson in this way rather than another. But the involvement of teachers in considering the large questions about the social studies is vital to our role in training future citizens. Barber The idea of the common good that underlies our democracy is under challenge from globalization and the forces that flow from it. These include the privatization of public power, the commercialization of what is privatized, and the infantilization of citizens—viewed solely in their role as consumers—around the world. Mason The role of the artist as social critic is examined in an interview with filmmaker Tim Robbins that centers on his new film about a WPA theater production cancelled presumably on political grounds late in the New Deal era. Special Section H. Michael Hartoonian and Richard Van Scotter The essays presented here examine how our contemporary conditions are connected to the past, and pose questions about what we must do to achieve a more sane and just society in the future.

John Driscoll This is an unsettled time in which to be coming of age; helping students to obtain clarity of vision about our republic and what constitutes the role of citizen is the best we can offer as social studies teachers. Simon Hooper and Brad Hokanson How we can make the most intelligent use of the computer technology becoming ubiquitous in our schools depends on our understanding of how learning occurs and what current research teaches us. Charlie Fitzpatrick The new information landscape presents a dual challenge to educators: students must be taught the traditional skills needed to evaluate information critically, while teachers must become more comfortable with the computer and Internet as tools of learning. Michael Hartoonian and Richard Van Scotter The current tension between democracy and capitalism can best be resolved if we understand the individual not merely as 'economic man,' and 'wealth' not primarily as the accretion of material objects. Where have we come from and where are we going? The various perspectives about major issues for the next century offered here are drawn from both older and younger Americans. Therese Seibert and Marion C.

Willetts While family forms have changed greatly over the past century, institutional and cultural adjustments to these changes have been slower in coming—making family issues the subject of an intense debate that shows no signs of flagging as we enter the new millennium. Cogan, David Grossman, and Mei-hui Lei If global forces are to increasingly shape the world, then what kind of citizen is needed to function in global society? This article views citizenship as having four dimensions—personal, social, spatial, and temporal and discusses ways for teaching the concept of multidimensional citizenship. Point of View Tony Massengale and Peg Michels Our major institutions need to offer more support to those who seek to practice good citizenship. Looking at the Law Charles White and Charles F. Williams This article looks at the issue of tax-funded school voucher programs through the prism of the constitutional question it raises involving the 'wall of separation' between church and state. Charles Cross and William Hewitt Is the end of the millennium and the 20th century a 'defining moment' in history?

What can we learn from looking backward and forward in time? Teaching With Documents Wynell Schamel and Charles E.

Schamel The U. Annexation of Hawaii in 1898 was a paradox of democracy, using the trappings of democratic forms to circumvent the wishes of the Hawaiian people. Robert McBride, Jr. Students’ access to art is greater than at any time in history, making it all the more imperative to confront honestly the kinds of questions art may raise about the prevailing notions of society.

Kevin Pobst Most campaign polling firms are as invisible to the public as the caterer at an election victory party; how not to swallow bad findings is an important skill of citizenship learning. Lichtman The prediction model outlined here is based on thirteen key questions stated as propositions favoring the reelection of the incumbent party.

The outcome of the presidential election may hinge on whether there is a serious contest for the Democratic Party nomination. Hahn and Judith Torney-Purta This study of civic education across national boundaries is uncovering many commonalities, including a common core of content, a widely perceived gap between democratic goals and societal realities, and a concern everywhere about diversity and what direction to take in teaching about it. Point of View Robert Cohen and Diana Turk As the new millennium dawns, Americans might do well to temper the current spirit of triumphalism with a hard look at our failure to correct serious inequities within or own society or to honestly examine the implications of our actions on the world stage. Jennifer Truran Rothwell Looking at the 21 decennial censuses taken from 1790 to the upcoming Census 2000 can help students understand the fundamental importance of the U. Census and its relationship to trends and issues in our history.

Gallavan The importance of obtaining a complete count of the population—and the barriers to doing so—are emphasized in this article on Census 2000. Kathleen Kennedy Townsend Students can learn much about our democracy and their own communities by volunteering to help with Census 2000. Looking at the Law John Paul Ryan The trial jury, a venerable institution of democracy and citizen participation, is nevertheless not without its controversies. This article looks at problems and progress in the U. An accompanying article by Hannah Leitermann on 'The Citizen’s Jury' traces the history of the trial jury in English and American jurisprudence. October, 1999 (Volume 63 Number 6).

Authentic Assessment in Social Studies Michael M. Yell As the author’s teaching progressed, he realized that his assessment practices needed to change too.

Monty Neill The Executive Director of Fairtest points out the difference between holding teachers responsible and scapegoating them for test scores that are beyond their control. Janet Alleman and Jere Brophy As educational reform forces a new look at social studies testing, here are some important guidelines for planning assessments. Jody Smothers Marcello Imaginative class assignments can make assessment a better experience for both teachers and students. Diane Hart Teaching students to assess themselves well may be one of the best things a teacher can do.

Wysocki The right evaluation strategies can ensure that service learning develops students’ intellectual understanding and personal growth. Pat Nickell and Angene Wilson Observing an active classroom is a challenge, but these tips can help. Pat Nickell Although the risk of subjectivity is inherent in authentic assessment, there are sound ways of reducing it. Bruce Brousseau In a situation where 'what gets tested is what gets taught,' social studies educators in Michigan faced the challenge of developing high-quality assessments tied to state standards. Fred Czarra This major consortium effort involving 23 states seeks to develop assessments that reflect high-level thinking processes.

Marcie Taylor-Thoma A state website can be an excellent means of disseminating information about tests and honing the assessment skills of teachers. Research Patricia G. Avery Authentic assessment only works properly when it is supported by authentic teaching. Milson and Sarah M. Brantley If students develop their own portfolios in teacher education programs, they are more likely to practice portfolio assessment when they become teachers. Helms Here are some answers to questions often asked about the certification of social studies teachers by NBPTS. Mary Teague Mason, Cindy Linzell, Janis Laybourn and Shelley McElwee Teachers who participate in the Internet-based Quests of Dan Buettner show how the right assessment practices help convert student enthusiasm into an understanding of other cultures.

Looking at the Law Charles F. Williams and Hannah Leiterman This regular column reviews key decisions of the last Supreme Court term, and previews the next one, with suggestions for stimulating class activities.

September 1999 (Volume 63 Number 5). Mountains: a global resource Robert L. Stevens and Jared A. Fogel The move from family farm to coal camp wrought dramatic—and sometimes disastrous—changes in the lives of people in Appalachia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Elementary Teaching Ideas Gwendolyn Thompson Building a model of the globe helps children to better understand many geographic concepts and can provide a reference point for continued learning throughout the year. Jennifer Truran Rothwell Once the bane of travellers, the mountain passes of Switzerland were opened to modern tourism through a series of engineering feats specifically aimed to carry tourists ever higher into the Alps. Special Section This special section examines the critical importance of mountains to the people who inhabit them and to the world at large.

The curriculum presented here supports 'The Mountain Agenda'—an international initiative designed to raise public awareness about mountain ecosystems—and results from a collaboration between The Mountain Institute and National Council for the Social Studies. Nelly Ukpokodu Although multiculturalism and globalism share significant purposes in the social studies curriculum, teaching either concept well requires drawing some important distinctions between them. Looking at the Law John Paul Ryan and Benjamin Hron The era of genetic engineering is upon us and there is no avoiding the legal issues it poses, many of which constitute uncharted ground for ethicists no less than biologists.

This article offers an assessment of the implications of recent scientific advances, as well as related teaching activities (Hilary Glazer and Hannah Leiterman), a discussions of bioethics and the law (Elizabeth Yang) and an expression of concern about some potential pitfalls of biotechnology (Ami S. Teaching with Documents Lee Ann Potter and Wynell Schamel The movement of young women from farm life to textile mill workers reflected the changing fortunes of New England farmers and merchants as the Napoleonic Wars pulled the young American nation into their wake. Judith McDonough The liberal spirit of the Progressive Era beckoned women—both college graduates and members of the working class—to carve out their own places in the public world outside the home. May/June 1999 (Volume 64 Number 4). Ellen Spears and Marcia Klenbort An audio documentary series brings alive the civil rights movement in five Southern communities through the voices of more than 250 people who took part in the events that brought an end to legal segregation in U.S. Teaching with Documents Stacey Bredhoff, Wynell Schamel, and Lee Ann Potter The 381-day Montgomery bus boycott that followed the arrest of Rosa Parks for refusing to relinquish her seat on a city bus to a white passenger was a crucial event in mobilizing national and worldwide support for the civil rights movement.

Neil Houser Getting the 'feel' of a situation through reflecting on literature that addresses difficult social and cultural issues can help children to become more critical of self and society and to develop greater empathy for others. Stange and Susan L. Wyant The pioneer experience on the American prairie offers a rich field for integrating the language arts with various disciplines within the social studies. Avery and Theresa Johnson The release of the National Standards for United States History sparked a controversy that went far beyond their merit as curriculum guidelines to questions about the nature of the American past; but the voices heard in this debate were limited, and scarcely included classroom teachers and their students. These annual awards honor books with themes dealing with U.S. Race relations and ethnic minorities in a manner suitable for elementary and secondary school students.

This year’s Elementary Award Winner is Milton Meltzer for his biography of Langston Hughes. The Secondary Award Winner is Leon Walter Tillage for his memoir, Leon’s Story. Sansone Developing a political identity is not only an important goal of civics education, but may provide the impetus for students to learn what it really means to be an informed citizen. Human Rights Series William R. Fernekes The idea that children need specific rights guarantees, first proposed by 19th century social reformers, was codified in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989.This article looks at the state of progress in three areas of children’s rights: access to education, children and violence, and child health. Point of View Michael Hartoonian The current movement toward the privatization of education allows us to know the price of schooling.

But how much do we value the common good, and its corollary, the common school? April 2000 (Volume 64 Number 3). Olwell The war diary and letters of one Civil War soldier take on new life as students use Hyperstudio to relate Kay’s experiences in words, maps, photographs, and music. Jana Sackman Eaton The Internet is providing resources once hardly imaginable for ordinary classrooms; but it’s not Utopia, and teachers have a vital role in helping students to think critically about information on the web. William Leeman From the Salem Witch Trials to the Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk to the Camp David Accords, the websites offered here have been carefully evaluated for their accuracy and usefulness in secondary social studies classrooms.

Antoinette Kranning and Lee Ehman A project called 'Mystery from History' brings together fifth grade students and university pre-service teachers via e-mail exchanges throughout a semester. Aaron Willis The growing number of fee-based Internet resources for the social studies includes websites devoted to history, current events, primary sources, and virtual fieldtrips. Point of View Michael Berson, Irene R.

Berson, and Elizabeth Ralston Schools and teachers serve as a critical line of defense in the protection of children from maltreatment, and must consider how to safeguard students from offensive sexual materials and situations as they undertake assignments on the Internet. Software Reviews Chad C. Fairey, Clifford T. Bennett, and John Lee Clifford T. Richelle Joe, and Ken Watson Joseph M.

Kirman There is a world of classroom uses for the information gathered by earth resources satellites such as Landsat and Radarsat. Children in the upper elementary grades are capable of making use of various kinds of images produced by remote sensing. Human Rights Series Ed O’Brien Neither the goals nor the language of human rights have achieved a strong foothold in social studies education in the United States—which may help to explain why we see human rights abuses as something that can happen anywhere else but here. March 1999 Volume 63 Number. Jana Sackman Eaton China today is experiencing an economic transformation and greater political frankness. The new opportunities do not extend to the vast majority of China’s people, which may spell greater turmoil in the future. Claire Schnell and Joan Brodsky Schur This cross-cultural exchange between students in the United States and New Zealand made use of every form of communication at hand—with fax proving the most versatile.

Special Section: Preservation and Change Douglas Heffington and Judith Mimbs The tools of geography can help as people in developing nations seek to improve their livelihoods in ways that preserve the environment. But the process is challenging, as shown in this study of the Bribri, an indigenous people who live on a reserve in the Talamanca Mountains of southeastern Costa Rica. Quint Newcomer The feeling of community so essential to achieving sustainable development is very much evident in this mountain town.

Its surrounding forest preserves, with their vast biodiversity, have become a magnet for nature tourists. Sandra Woy-Hazelton As universities and other organizations have begun offering programs of environmental study in nations throughout the world, the profile of the student abroad has changed to include the new ecostudents. Diem The Internet offers a vast pool of resources on development issues worldwide. Here are some excellent websites for students to begin research on Central America and Mexico. Jones The development of the maquiladora corridor along the Texas-Mexico border in recent decades has been accompanied by an increase in pollution and resultant health problems in twin cities along the Rio Grande. Joe Garofalo, Clifford Bennett and Cheryl Mason More commonly used in math classes, graphing calculators have capabilities for data plotting and analysis that can enhance student understanding in many areas of the social studies. Luckowsi and James J.

Lopach An issues-centered approach to impeachment can help students to both appreciate the wisdom of our constitutional framework and understand why such strong differences over how to interpret the Constitution emerged in the recent debate over impeaching President Clinton. Looking at the Law John Michael Eden and John Paul Ryan Nine scholars meet in cyberspace to talk about affirmative action in terms of its original intent to counter past racism and 'level the playing field' in American society, and the thinking behind recent court decisions and statewide voter intiatives that challenge its practice.

Human Rights Series Samuel Totten Most responsible world leaders decry the act of genocide, but seem to do so only after the fact. Yet while the causes of genocide are complex and varying, the effects on victims are the same, and demand that we search for better remedies against this recurrent human tragedy. Book Reviews by Philip Gourevitch Samuel Totten This book takes a critical look at the 1994 genocide in Rwanda and concludes that responsibility for it—though lying chiefly with its perpetrators—also extends to the actions of other nations and the inaction of the international community as a whole. The book received the National Book Critics Circle Award for History in 1998.

Point of View Jeff Passe Teaching values to school children is not a discrete activity, but involves choices made at every step in the process of education. Its ultimate goal should be to foster the open discussion that prepares students for their rights and responsibilities as citizens of a democracy. January/February 1999 Volume 63 Number. President’s Address Tedd Levy 'The one part of the education system most responsible for citizenship, and our future, is social studies education.

The one person who can most make a difference is a caring adult—you, the teacher.' Kent The presentation of our national past as a 'spectacular, flag-waving saga' is incomplete, less than honest, and impossible to maintain in the face of modern media. Children are more likely to benefit from a realistic understanding of the people and events that have shaped our nation. William Percy The success of the all-black Tuskegee flying units of World War II defied the expectations of some and pointed the way for all to achieve genuine integration of the U.S. Armed forces.

Walt Cottingham The energizing effect of a week-long symposium on Vietnam in a small high school in North Carolina set the precedent for an annual school event eagerly anticipated by students, teachers, and the local community. Alan Singer Student concerns about social justice often lead to placing multicultural issues at the center of the social studies curriculum. Teaching multicultural education through an inquiry-based approach makes for a natural combination of method and purpose. Teaching with Documents Lee Ann Potter and Wynell Schamel By order of Major General Winfield Scott, 'every possible kindness' was to be extended to the Cherokees during their forced removal beyond the Mississippi in 1838. But what could 'kindness' possibly mean given the circumstances? Elementary Education Jere Brophy Two recent studies suggest that, while most elementary students progress beyond the cartoon stereotypes of Native Americans that young children absorb from the media, their knowledge of and empathy for Native Americans dwindles when the curriculum shifts to the westward expansion of the United States in fifth grade.

Rains and Karen Gayton Swisher The narrow teaching about Native Americans typified by the elementary 'Indian unit' is more hindrance than help in comprehending the diversity that exists among indigenous peoples, and the unique position of Indian tribes or nations within the federal government system. Karen Harvey There are many good resources for teaching about American Indians with accuracy and respect. This article offers a sampling of what is available in several media. Miller With the advent of the Internet, American Indian nations now have official tribal websites.

This list will help readers to explore the diversity of Native American cultures. Point of View Sharon Pray Muir The lesson presented here uses role reversal to help students consider the issue of how it might feel to belong to a group that was portrayed as a sports mascot. Human Rights Series Amnesty International Human Rights Service Corps U.S. Citizens can influence the actions of their government. This lesson plan examines how individuals may affect the making of foreign policy based on human rights concerns. Social Studies and the New Immigration Guest Editors: Xue Lan Rong and M.

Gail Hickey Xue Lan Rong and M. Gail Hickey This special issue of Social Education focuses on schools as the primary gateway for absorbing newcomers into United States society, and explores new ideas for empowering immigrants that challenge the traditional model of assimilation. Xue Lan Rong For the United States, massive immigration is the current reality and a future prospect. Social studies professionals have a vital role to play in making the largest ethnic transformation in our history a success.

Cowart, Ron W. Wilhelm, and Ronald E. Cowart In a community program in Dallas, Asian American youths from several countries share their differing heritages as well as their common experiences in adjusting to mainstream American society. Lucila Vargas and Bruce dePyssler The current media portrayal of Mexican immigrants and native-born Latinos differs little from the historical pattern of negative coverage. Media literacy tools can help students deconstruct the stereotypes and other false images prevalent in general-market media. Teaching Ideas Judith Y.

Singer and Theodora Harbour-Ridley Teaching about immigration is an inclusive effort that involves pre-schoolers and elementary students, teachers and parents, at the Morris L. Eisenstein Learning Center in Brooklyn, New York.

Robin Haskell McBee, Kristine Bone, Gail Mossop, and Carrie Owens Helping students to understand and take pride in our country’s multicultural heritage is the common goal in teaching about immigration in three classrooms. Connor Immigration lends itself well to teaching history thematically. Using this approach, students can observe how the same issues have arisen time after time as the nation struggled to define its immigration policy—and itself. Rosa Castro Feinberg and Consuelo Conde Morencia Students with limited English proficiency constitute a special challenge in today’s classrooms.

This article reviews some of the approaches to bilingual education now being used to help these children succeed academically. Margaret Smith Crocco with Delia Barr Brooks and Kimberly Woo The dramatic influx of immigrant children into the New York public school system provides a challenge—and a unique laboratory—for teacher education programs. This article looks at one such program for the social studies. Gail Hickey Students bring their own expectations of schooling into the classroom. Knowing more about the cultural backgrounds of immigrant students can help teachers to avoid cultural misunderstandings that detract from learning. Parry Australia’s recognition that it is a multicultural society is of recent date and remains the subject of controversy. Will the school curriculum be inclusive of the many peoples who have formed this nation or a means of reasserting the centrality of the Anglo-Celtic past?

Surfing the Web Frederick Risinger A number of good websites on immigration can help stimulate classroom discussion. This controversial topic can also be a good way to introduce students to website bias. Human Rights Series Jennifer Truran Rothwell 'Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution,' states Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. But as the conditions of modern warfare continue to uproot millions of people, where can today’s refugees find safe haven? Looking at the Law Christina DeConcini, Jeanine S. Piller, and Margaret Fisher The United States is in the midst of a “cold spel#148; with regard to immigration, as evidenced by several laws passed by Congress in 1996. What accounts for the fluctuations in American attitudes toward newcomers, and how are today’s immigrants being affected by the new legislation?

Teaching with Documents Lee Ann Potter and Wynell Schamel The legal requirements for becoming a United States citizen have changed little since the founding of the nation, although the paperwork has been streamlined. This article uses documents submitted by Greta Garbo and one Archibald Leach to explain the process of naturalization. October 1998 (Volume 62 Number 6). Re-Exploring Early American History WGBH's Africans in America Guest Editor: Karen Barss Karen Barss A television series that examines both the impact of slavery and the critical role of African Americans in challenging our nation to live up to its democratic ideals will air on PBS this month. Llewellyn Smith Delving into the ordeal of slavery may be painful, but it offers the best chance for healing racial wounds based on a true understanding of our shared past. Eric Foner The new historiography of the 'peculiar institution' strikes at the heart of the traditional understanding of slavery. Noel Ignatiev How was it possible to create a massive social force to defend the slave system when it benefitted so few economically?

The experience of the Irish in mid-19th century America helps reveal how the concept of racial supremacy operated to 'divide and conquer' groups with shared economic interests. Willi Coleman Black women played an important part in the movement to abolish slavery, and some found their efforts to achieve racial freedom leading them into the issue of gender equality as well. Teaching Ideas Linda Mizell This lesson plan leads students to consider the statement, 'Resolved: American slavery is an oxymoron,' in terms of the attitudes revealed in primary source documents from the period leading up to the American Revolution.

In a roundtable discussion, student advisors to the WGBH Africans in America project offer their own understandings based on historical study and their work with the series makers. Classroom Focus Charles Johnson This original story of a slave rebellion by award-winning author Charles Johnson is accompanied by ideas for 'Using Fiction to Support History Teaching' by classroom teacher Peggy Dyro. Frederick Risinger These web sites are a great resource for looking further into the African American experience in U. Instructional Technology John Saye Combining modern technology with the model for instructional spaces offered here can free the teacher to make real use of the Socratic method with students. Koman With campaign spending at an unprecedented high in U.S. Elections, the author highlights the problems involved, and offers ideas for helping students to study this complicated issue.

Looking at the Law L. Anita Richardson A look backward and forward at some of the most important cases before the highest court in the land. Human Rights Series Loretta Ross and Meghna Gupta The authors propose that human rights must be to the 21st century what democracy was to the 20th—a liberating force that demands freedom and justice for all. September 1998 (Volume 62 Number 5). Global Education: Challenges, Cultures & Connections Guest Editors H. Thomas Collins, Frederick R.

Czarra, Andrew F. Smith Maurice A. East The world after the Cold War is less dangerous for the United States, but no easier to navigate than before. Karen Volker NATO has been an unexpectedly successful deterrent force, so it’s not surprising that many former Warsaw Pact countries want to join. United Nations Global Teach-In Project and the American Forum for Global Education Minefields across the world exact a terrible toll on civilians. Schools can do something about it—and some have already tried. Teaching Ideas Sharon Cohen and Christopher Garran As the world prepares for its six-billionth inhabitant in 1999, students need to know more about the relationship between population growth and economic development.

Point of View Charles F. Dambach Does the miserly contribution of the U.S. Government to the alleviation of world poverty threaten its international leadership role? Elsie Begler Teaching about other cultures is less daunting with the world culture framework suggested here. On the Internet Fred Risinger With Internet resources on the upsurge, exploring the world from the classroom has become a reality. Teaching Ideas Deborah Smith Johnston with Barbara Brown A better sense of geography breaks down barriers to comprehending the vast diversity of the African continent.

Alger We are all inextricably involved in global networks. What kind of world will today’s students create by participating in them? Anderson with Steven Brumbaugh, Erin Drankwalter, Scott Hemmer, Michael Myers and Joann Podkul The links between local and global challenges become apparent in many forms of community service. Clark Johnson Seeing ourselves as others see us is a good start toward developing a global perspective. Elementary Teaching Ideas Ava L. McCall Textile arts can provide a good entry into another culture for elementary students. Dave Rabadan The U.S.

State Department offers excellent online resources for teachers. Jeremy Isaacs and Martin Smith discuss the educational goals of their upcoming, 24-part CNN documentary on the Cold War. Human Rights Series Michael Cooper The modern global emphasis on human rights grew out of the world’s collective horror at the human depredations of World War II. Thomas Collins and Andrew F.

Smith These teacher-oriented organizations provide resources on the world’s regions and problems. Czarra, Andrew F. Thomas Collins Our guest editors offer guidelines for teaching about global challenges, cultures, and connections based on their survey of the field of international education. April/May 1998 (Volume 62 Number 4). Children's Literature and Social Studies Teaching Ideas George W.

Chilcoat The workers’ theatre movement of the 1930s attempted to unite actors and audience in devising solutions to societal problems. Re-enacting its dramatic forms is a great way to introduce students to the issues of the time. Dennis Banks The problems associated with nuclear energy have given even its peacetime use a bad rap in today’s society. This article suggests several fiction and non-fiction titles that may help expand students’ knowledge of the hazards—and the potential of nuclear power. Margaret Sullivan The Epic of Sundiata, which chronicles the rise of the Empire of Mali in the grasslands of northwestern Africa in the 13th century, is a compelling drama that bears comparison to such other hero tales as The Iliad and—its own contemporary—the Arthurian legend. George Maxim Creative writing should be no less a part of the elementary social studies writing program than are expository forms.

This article looks at the use of a poetic form—the cinquain—to teach about Mexican vaqueras in a fourth grade unit on the American Southwest. These annual awards honor books that deal with subjects relating to U.S. Ethnic minorities and race relations in a manner suitable for readers at the elementary and secondary levels. This year’s highest awards go to Suhair Hamid Ghazi for Ramadan, a book for young readers about celebrating the holiest month in the Islamic calendar, and to Jim Haskins for The Harlem Renaissance, an excellent resource that brings Harlem in the 1920s and 1930s to life for high school students.

Elementary Teaching Ideas Mary Kathleen Barnes The author introduces her third grade students to U.S. Politics by using “drama frames” to actively involve them in the electoral process and the workings of the three branches of the federal government. Elementary Teaching Ideas Elizabeth P. McMillan What can a first grade teacher do with a sturdy 8-foot cardboard box? In this case, build the towers of the George Washington Bridge, and then let students take over the jobs of construction workers on the bridge and tugboat captains on the river. March 1998 (Volume 62 Number 3). Technology 101: Teaching in the Information Age Teaching Ideas Fay Powe There’s more to American landscape images than meets the eye; they are a window into conflicting ideas about the meaning and proper use of the land in different periods of American history.

Teaching with Documents Charles E. Schamel and Wynell B. Schamel Don Henry’s path from the University of Kansas to a battleground in Spain became the subject of a politicized inquiry into the very nature of a university. Singleton and James R.

Giese 'Imagine having ready access in your classroom to millions of primary sources related to American history.' This article presents some model lessons on how to use them. Candace Katz This article introduces websites that a group of humanities teachers chose as the top 20 now available on the Web. Most have social studies value. Frederick Risinger Stop worrying about those dumb--and even hateful--sites on the Internet.

They can be grist for the mill in helping students to develop their critical thinking skills. Rose and Henry F. Winterfeldt Helping preservice teachers understand the potential of technology generated a lot of excitement in this learning community. Thomas, Martin M. Creel and John Day Read how a website for elementary school field trips blossomed into a full-scale 'electronic curriculum' in one large urban/suburban school system. Mason and Edwin R.

Gerler It’s fast. It’s accessible.

Creative, too. An online journal may be just the thing for connecting you to the latest, greatest ideas for social studies classrooms. Bennett and Kara Dawson Our reviewers look at two CD-ROMs. 3-D Atlas 97 is a reference CD-ROM for grades five and up.

America Rock uses interactive games to teach history, geography, and civics to students in grades three through eight. February 1998 (Volume 62 Number 2). Samuel Totten Discovering what kind of knowledge base students bring to study of the Holocaust can help overcome misperceptions and increase understanding of this complex and tragic event. David Traill, with the assistance of David Harvey The challenges posed by moving to a 4x4 block schedule caused these teachers to join forces and create a combined syllabus for teaching AP history and English at both the junior and senior levels.

Stevens and Jared A. Fogel As the nation’s economic life hit rock bottom, a young artist hit the road, drawing sketches that recorded the plight of southern African Americans and their dignity in the face of it. Rahima Wade Asking preservice teachers to reflect on commonly-expressed statements about teaching children of color was a first step in breaking down some “brick walls” to understanding and appreciating diversity. Looking at the Law John Paul Ryan and John Michael Eden Opening discussion of the death penalty may cause students to reconsider their deeply felt, but often unexamined, convictions on this vital legal and moral issue. Teaching Ideas Linda A. Hoover and Randall Taylor The issues of the Vietnam War can become very real to students when Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence is made the basis of class assignments.

Mayer History in the classroom is most compelling when the inquiry process builds upon strong grounding in the narrative of human events. Rhonda King and John King It’s not enough to teach students how to articulate their views in class; to make good group decisions, they need to learn listening skills as well. Teaching with Documents Lee Ann Potter and Wynell B.

Schamel Why does the Philippines celebrate its independence on a different day from when the U.S. Granted it on July 4, 1946?

The answer lies in the different perspective from which Filipinos view what Teddy Roosevelt called the 'splendid little war' of 1898. Surfing the Net C. Frederick Risinger Everybody knows there’s a lot of great information on the Internet, but where are the sites with good ideas on how to use the World Wide Web in class? Fred Risinger has some answers. Point of View Kevin A. Vinson Stating our commitment to character education and civic virtue is but a first step in considering how social studies professionals should teach the meaning of citizenship. Book Review Robert Cohen The history standards wars are not yet over, as this book by closely involved scholars makes clear.

January 1998 Volume 62 Number 1. Constructing Knowledge in Social Studies Geoffrey Scheurman This introduction to constructivism examines four hypothetical teacher roles based on different views of knowledge and matching methods for teaching social studies. Teaching Ideas Geoffrey Scheurman Posing the question, 'What happened on Lexington Green?' , this article presents and analyzes several different approaches for helping students to solve this conundrum in early American history.

Geoffrey Scheurman and Fred M. Newmann Establishing criteria for authentic intellectual achievement helps students learn in constructivist classrooms—and others too. Teaching Ideas Michael M. Yell The use of active teaching strategies makes study of the 'Iceman' a process of discovery for students in this seventh grade world studies class. Janet Alleman and Jere Brophy Three curriculum goals—understanding, appreciation, and life application-lie at the core of constructivist teaching and should guide methods of assessment. Teaching Ideas Jennifer Marie Bellan and Geoffrey Scheurman Real and electronic field trips can serve as complementary components of powerful social studies instruction. Pol William Holt Creating a CD-ROM for use in their state’s fourth grade classrooms gave one group of Wyoming high school students the chance to learn electronic production techniques and to perform the work of actual historians.

Kevin O’Reilly Critical thinking involves not only examining past situations, but learning to reflect on the very skills that increase our understanding of historical problems. Bert Bower and Jim Lobdell The cognitive benefits of allowing students to construct knowledge of the past are illustrated in this presentation of six dynamic teaching strategies based on multiple intelligence theory. Yell and Geoffrey Scheurman This annotated list includes books that illustrate active teaching strategies as well as more general works on the philosophical underpinnings of constructivism.

Jere Brophy and Janet Alleman The potential of active teaching strategies to increase student learning is enhanced or undercut by the management principles in use in a classroom. Teaching with Documents Stacey Bredhoff and Wynell Schamel The voice of the 'ordinary' man that speaks in Truman’s diary belies the extraordinary nature of his presidency, which involved some of the most fateful decisions of the twentieth century. Economics and the New Environmentalism David E.

Sahr It is beyond dispute that the first 'American' governments were those of the Native Americans. A good introduction to U.S. Government or history can be to examine them. United Nations Development Programme The United Nations is launching a Decade for the Eradication of Poverty. How does the UN measure poverty and what are its chances for success?

Bonnie Meszaros The recently published economcis standards outline realistic goals for elementary, middle, and high schools. Special Section: Economics and the New Environmentalism Mark C. Schug and Richard D. Western A bitter debate has often pitted environmentalists against economists. The strife is unnecessary, because economic growth and environmental preservation are compatible.

Wentworth, Mark C. Schug and John S. Morton Are actions that deplete resources or species rewarded, while actions that preserve them are not?

If the answer is yes, those resources or species may be in the danger zone. Schug and Jane S. Shaw Whether the threatened species are salmon in the Northwest American waters or elephants that roam near African villages, incentives to preserve them are necessary.

Terry Anderson and Donald R. Wentworth Water is one of the world's most wasted resources. The solution to the problem could be a market system that makes those who can afford the true cost pay it. John Morton, Jane S. Shaw and Richard L.

Stroup In a developing country, having a large family can make economic sense. The good news for those worried about world population growth is that families become smaller for economic reasons as nations become more prosperous.

Teaching Ideas Allen C. Cox Learning in the old-fashioned way, it was hard to understand interest rates from all those graphs and textbooks. Students who play the Stock Market Game get the idea quickly.

Book Reviews Samuel Totten Does the impact of Holocaust reality exceed the force of any imaginative work that might seek to capture it? This anthology of art from the ashes is a good place to begin examining the question. Ron Briley Questioning the American Dream is the apparent subject of The Wild One and Rebel Without A Cause; but were Hollywood's answers any more than skin deep?

Point of View Michael Hartoonian It may sound chic to treat students as 'consumers' of educational knowledge, but if they aren't expected to produce, they're not getting an education. September 1997 Volume 61 Number 5. Violence: On the Screen, On the Street Mary A. Hepburn Whether daily doses of media violence can affect the attitudes of viewers is hardly in question today. What we can-or should-do about it is an excellent social studies topic. Christine Watkins The terms of the gun control debate have shifted away from Second Amendment arguments, but the passionate tenor of the debate continues to impede the solution of America's lethal gun problem. Marshall Croddy The causes of youth violence are multi-faceted and defy simple solutions.

As in the past, the debate over juvenile justice revolves around when to treat children as adults and the effectiveness of rehabilitation versus punishment. Jennifer Truran Rothwell The evolution of the juvenile justice system creates an excellent platform for teaching about violence and its consequences. These teaching ideas are suitable for research, essay writing, and class discussion. Kelly A student teacher describes her experiences working in an alternative program for juvenile offenders in New Jersey. Banaszak and Mary K. Banaszak These books for varying grade levels examine violence and its consequences in ways intended to increase both understanding and the ability of children to cope with the problem. Cheryl Russell This book examines how the cycle of violence is perpetuated as children learn ever more lethal methods of 'survival' on tough city streets.

Lee Arbetman and Michelle Perry The constitutional protection from 'unreasonable searches and seizures' has evolved in response to both public attitudes and changes in technology. Diana Hess Service learning based on teaching real skills and recognizing student efforts can play an important part in school violence prevention programs. Carolyn Pereira and Ken Rodriguez This article reports on a violence prevention program being tested in 5th grade classrooms in Chicago and Los Angeles. It involves the integration of three curriculum components-law-related education, conflict resolution, and service learning-into the curriculum as part of a combined strategy for reducing violence. Teaching Ideas Tedd Levy Postcards can go a long way toward interesting your students in other communities and regions of the United States-and the world. Elementary Education M.

Gail Hickey Treasured family possessions can be a great starting point for lessons about the past. April/May 1997 Volume 61 Number 4.

Dennis Banks In the face of today's largely negative debate over immigration, reading stories about immigrants can help students understand that-while the faces and the ethnic backgrounds may change-people's reasons for wanting to come to America remain fairly constant. Mary Connor A thematic approach can generate excitement about recurrent issues in American history as students journey not once, but many times, from past to present in the course of a year's study. Jeanne McLain Harms and Lucille J. Lettow Using children's literature to present life stories can reinforce young children's understanding of life span and how goals formed in childhood may help determine an individual's future. Elizabeth Yeager, Frans H. Doppen, and David Middleton Four types of questions based on 'historical thinking' and applied to a book by Walter Dean Myers form the core of a middle school course on African American history at the University of Florida's K-12 Developmental Research School. Joseph Khazzaka A study compares the effects of two methods of teaching-by flashback or through a chronological approach-on student learning about the Persian Gulf region and student attitudes toward world history.

Frederick Risinger From 'Thomas'-with its up-to-date summaries of bills moving through Congress-to RealCom's links to political interest groups of every stripe, the World Wide Web has much to offer in citizenship education; the question for teachers and students is how best to make use of it. March 1997 Volume 61 Number 3. Martin Pedersen Although his own ballads describe the cowboy as a workingman with long hours and hard chores, this realistic image gave way to the modern gun-toting prairie superman.

Sarah Bednarz Geography is more than the backdrop for history; it can add a rich dimension to the study of the past. White The power of modern communications technology to shape our lives is a reflection of what we have become: a visual society. This description of the Internet focuses on why the computer network began, where it may be going, and how it can be used for historical research.

Sembor Two Connecticut schools try out videoconferencing technology to increase understanding among students of different races. The results are encouraging. Rose and Phyllis M.

Fernlund These guidelines will help teachers to chart the right directions and make the most effective use of the new electronic technologies. Clark Johnson and Jeck Rector The performance expectations outlined by the NCSS Curriculum Standards can be a guide to teaching with the Internet. Here are some useful websites for standards-related instruction.

Wilson This virtual tour of Philadelphia may be only the beginning of your students' historical ventures in cyberspace. February 1997 (Volume 61 Number 2).

United Nations Children's Fund A New UNICEF report on child labor worldwide links both causes and cures to the state of education in developing nations. David Schimmel School rules should be treated as part of the civic education of students and developed collaboratively. Michael Pezone and Alan Singer When dialogue replaces debate, students feel more comfortable expressing their opinions, and are more open to the viewpoints of others. Roberts A new teacher facing the challenge of a geography class engages students with a 'hands-on' approach to puzzling out the world's continents. Richard Diem, Tedd Levy and Ronald VanSickle The Republic of Korea has a vision for education; lifelong learning enabled by modern technology will constitute its new 'Edutopia.' Cathy Kaufman The struggle for new civic identities in an emerging democracy is inevitably reflected in attitudes towards the educational system.

Nelly Ukpokodu The attempt to institute democractic education in many African nations takes place against a backdrop of authoritarian models-both colonial and traditional. Schug, Richard D. Western and Larry G. Enochs Public choice theory suggests that teachers use textbooks when they judge their costs and benefits to be more attractive than those of other teaching methods. Point of View S. Grant The 'reform' of the New York State social studies curriculum may be read as a casualty of the current history 'wars' or-worse yet-as a missed opportunity. January/February 1997 Volume 61 Number 1.

Teaching History in a Changing World Guest Editors: Stephen J. Thornton and Linda S. Levstik Jennifer Truran Rothwell The power possessed by images makes it all the more important to understand their historical contexts. Thornton The value of having students 'do' history themselves gains support from both research and the classroom findings of teachers.

Barton There is a better way to handle history in the elementary years than the abrupt transition from a 'holiday' curriculum to an over-emphasis on political institutions. Rosalyn Ashby, Peter Lee, and Alaric Dickinson The ability of young students to distinguish between historical causes and reasons cannot be taken for granted. Peter Seixas How students view history is influenced by personal and social factors that lie beyond the purview of teacher or textbook. Epstein History presented from only one perspective may obscure other agents of change and defeat the purposes of multicultural education.

Margaret Smith Crocco Viewing women's history in terms of five phases of curricular re-vision may help teachers better integrate the subject into U.S. And world history courses. VanSledright Classroom observation supports the view that less-when structured around powerful ideas-can be more in teaching history.

Groth and Maria Albert The arts are academic. And their use in the classroom can greatly enrich how students experience history. Amy Thompson Leigh and Tina Ossege Reynolds Helping children connect with their own past provides a concrete foundation on which to build historical understanding. Levstik How shall we determine what collective memory our democracy requires when there is no such thing as just the facts in history? The World Around Us: Global Education Teaching Ideas Anita Allen Rivers may help us define who we are better than manmade boundaries. Using Trade Books to Counter Stereotypes Jo Sullivan Good trade books are an engaging way to introduce diverse cultures in the classroom. Penyak and Pamela Duray-Casares An oral history project whets students’ appetites to learn more about the meeting place between traditional and modern culture in Mexico.

Brown Who are the Nacirema and why is their culture so magic-ridden? Articles Lyn Reese The Fourth World Women’s Conference held in Beijing in 1995 may prove the “coming of age” of the international women’s movement.

Patrick The voluntary associations that constitute civil society provide an important bulwark for democracy. The success of democracy in three former Soviet bloc nations hinges not least on past history.

The Russian Election of Ben A. Smith Representative Democracy in Latvia: The Elections of 1995 and John J.

Patrick Post-Conflict Elections in Bosnia Mary E. Soley Three American teachers reflect on what they learned from their Bosnian colleagues in a workshop on educating for democracy. Would I Return? In a Heartbeat!

Pat Feichter Beauty in the Midst of Devastation Gail Huschle Making Connections Between Cultures Mary Bristol Felisa Tibbetts Human rights education regards the individual first as a member of the human race. Soley Global education succeeds when it convinces students they can act to make the world a better place.

Pamela Wasserman The environmental impacts of world population growth are the responsibility not only of the developing, but also of the consuming, nations. Dateline Murray Print The new civics education in Australia goes beyond traditional bromides to tackle issues of human values and multiethnicity. Instructional Technology: Internet C. Frederick Risinger Notable Web sites for global education materials are selected. Special Feature The massive debts of many developing nations are not being helped by diminishing foreign aid.

October 1996 Volume 60 Number. Votes & Citizenship Teaching Ideas Rochelle Balkam Great leadership in a democracy depends not only upon leaders but those who are led.

Dale Greenawald Citizenship education must go beyond the “hows and whys” of voting to explore leadership, conflicts over power, and the issues at stake in elections. Rick Blasing Helping students to formulate their own political opinions can stimulate interest in voting. Kids Voting USA The importance of the vote becomes clearer in a lesson on how African-American citizens were once deprived of suffrage. Articles Syd Golston Interest in elections is piqued when students of all ages cast ballots at real polling precincts. Political Socialization Research Carole L. Hahn An open climate in social studies classrooms may be a good predictor of students’ future political participation. William Bosshardt The debates over free trade and economic sanctions involve political judgments and will not be resolved easily.

Pauline Schneider There are many causes, but only one result, of not voting: your ideas don’t get represented. Lichtman Challengers beware: no incumbent who meets the criteria for survival in this prediction scale has lost the popular vote for President. A Social Education Special Feature The political landscape of the 1896 election is easily recognizable.

There was a bitter debate on the economy, the campaign swallowed gobs of money, and charges of special interests filled the air. Woodwell, Jr. Campaign finance reform is an issue whose time has come—and come—and come. Scott Piroth More votes are based on partisan identification than people realize—even the voters themselves. Instructional Technology C. Frederick Risinger The best Web sites for election-oriented materials are selected. White New products that support the U.S.

History curriculum are examined. Round Rock Independent School District, Austin, Texas A timely look at women in the U.S. Space program is among the new videos reviewed. September 1996 Volume 60 Number. A New Deal for America Guest Editors John F.

Sears and Fred Crouch Alan Brinkley To pull the whole country out of the Great Depression, the Roosevelt Administration forged a new role for government. Robert Hopkins For one private, a pass home meant a visit to the White House, where his father lived and worked as Roosevelt’s advisor. Robert Hopkins recalls an evening with FDR on the brink of Pearl Harbor. Wehrle The New Deal offered a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for labor organizations. Hugh Gallagher How could FDR’s paralysis remain such a well-kept secret during a Presidency that lasted more than twelve years?

A complex set of deceptions made the President appear able-bodied. Robert Cohen Numerous children and teenagers were convinced that Eleanor Roosevelt was on their side because of her involvement in youth and relief issues. Howard Rosen Roosevelt’s public works programs put millions of the desperate unemployed to work, and built America’s modern infrastructure. Sherry Field Home front classrooms during World War II were a model of community service efforts. Black Undaunted by fear of controversy, the First Lady took bold stands for racial justice. Fogel and Robert L.

Stevens The aim of Federal arts programs was to inspire Americans to a new vision of the future. But when Seymour Fogel included Native Americans in his mural for the Safford, Arizona post office, he was greeted by an outburst of prejudice. Teaching Ideas Rachel Yarnell Thompson Two veterans of New Deal jobs programs remember what it meant to have a friend in Washington. Robert Cohen Letters written to FDR and the First Lady are ideal classroom focal points. Todd Stephenson The issue of whether to depict FDR’s disability in the Roosevelt Memorial can stimulate avid debates. Instructional Technology: Internet Thomas Thurston The launch of a major Internet site on the New Deal is scheduled this October. Resources John F.

Sears and Fred Crouch There is an abundance of useful books, teacher kits, videos, and CD-ROMs on the Roosevelt era. Articles Arthur Gross Schaefer and Michelle Britton Bass Practical guidelines are presented for dealing with this sensitive issue. Point of View Ron Wheeler Thanks to technology, teaching students to analyze data well is no longer just a dream. April/May 1996 Volume 60 Number.